Dekati Ltd. is a world leader in designing and manufacturing innovative fine particle measurement solutions. We have over 25 years of experience in providing measurement instruments and complete measurement solutions to a wide variety of environments and sample conditions. We take pride in the quality and robustness of our products and are committed to finding the best possible solution for your aerosol measurement needs. Our experience and expertise in aerosol measurement applications is at your disposal throughout the lifecycle of your investment via our global partner network. All Dekati® Products are developed and manufactured in Finland and are available with up to five-year warranty.
Our brake emission measurement solutions include both particle detection and dilution systems, and today we have solutions for both for research and routine monitoring of brake emissions from 6 nm up to 10 µm. The highlights of our product line include the ELPI®+ product family that enables real-time measurement of particle size distribution in up to 500 size channels 6 nm-10 µm. ELPI®+ products also always include the option for post-measurement chemical analysis of the size classified, collected samples. The High Temperature version of the ELPI®+ additionally allows direct measurement of up to 180 °C aerosol sample without the need to cool the sample. In addition to the ELPI®+ instruments, Dekati® Product Line includes several other instruments for both particle detection and aerosol sample conditioning and dilution. Visit us in the exhibition area to learn more about Dekati® Measurement Solutions for brake wear emission measurements!
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EB2022-FBR-013
Oral
University of Leeds: Mr. Ishmaeel Ghouri, Prof. David Barton
Detail
EuroBrake 2022
Environmental impact of brake wear particulate emissions
Downloads
EB2021-STP-020
Paper + Video + Slides
Detail
Mr. Asmawi Sanuddin, University of Leeds, UNITED KINGDOM
Prof. David Barton, University of Leeds, UNITED KINGDOM
Dr. Peter Brooks, University of Leeds, UNITED KINGDOM
Dr. Carl Gilkeson, University of Leeds, UNITED KINGDOM
Dr. Shahriar Kosarieh, University of Leeds, UNITED KINGDOM
Prof. Suman Shrestha, Keronite International Ltd, UNITED KINGDOM
Lightweight disc brake rotors have become a popular alternative to conventional grey cast iron (GCI). The thermal and tribological response of these brake rotors will differ during a braking operation. This may result in the generation of particulate wear debris with different characteristics, which can affect the environment and human health to different degrees. Studies have shown a relationship between adverse health effects and the characteristics of airborne particulate matter such as particle size, concentration and chemical composition. In this study, the particulate matter released from a novel lightweight disc brake rotor is compared to that released from the conventional grey cast iron rotor. The lightweight brake rotor was made of aluminium alloy (Al6082) and its rubbing surfaces were treated using the Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO) process. The process produced hard, dense, wear-resistant and well-adhered alumina coatings of approximate thickness 50 microns.
A novel test rig was developed based upon the existing Leeds full-scale disc brake dynamometer. An enclosure was constructed around the brake assembly and ducting was carefully designed to ensure the cleanliness of the intake air to the system. Both brake rotors were tested under drag-braking conditions of constant sliding speed and applied braking pressure. Three braking test conditions with hydraulic pressures of 5, 10 and 15 bar at a constant speed of 135 rpm were selected from initial brake dynamometer tests. Braking test parameters of rotor rubbing surface temperature and coefficient of friction were measured during the tests and their effect on the brake wear particle characteristics were investigated. To measure and collect airborne brake wear particles, the Dekati ELPI+ unit was utilised along with a custom-made probe. This probe was made of stainless steel and its geometry was tailored to comply with the isokinetic concept. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) system was utilised to investigate the morphology and chemical composition of the airborne brake wear particles collected by the Dekati unit.
The initial comparison results showed that the PEO-treated lightweight aluminium alloy (PEO-Al) rotor has the potential not only to significantly reduce the unsprung mass of the vehicle but also reduce particulate matter emissions compared with the standard GCI rotor. The results also revealed that the percentage of iron contained in the PEO-Al debris was about threefold lower than that from the GCI rotor under all steady-state drag braking conditions studied which may have important health implications.
EuroBrake 2021
ACB
Downloads
EB2021-STP-002
Paper + Video + Slides
Detail
Mr. Fabian Limmer, University of Leeds, UNITED KINGDOM
Prof. David Barton, University of Leeds, UNITED KINGDOM
Dr. Carl Gilkeson, University of Leeds, UNITED KINGDOM
Dr. Peter Brooks, University of Leeds, UNITED KINGDOM
Dr. Shahriar Kosarieh, University of Leeds, UNITED KINGDOM
The brake industry is currently on the search for lighter, corrosion-resistant and more eco-friendly brake systems. Apart from health and environmental issues, the main drivers for this development are the changing load profiles arising from the megatrends of electrification and autonomous driving. As the brake disc and brake pad together represent a tribological system, both components must be adjusted in order to achieve optimal functionality.
Testing of brake friction couples, however, is usually a very costly, energy and time-consuming process, that only allows for a very limited range of material concepts to be considered. This is where testing friction materials on a small-scale level has great advantages because much time and money can potentially be saved in sample generation, testing and post-test analysis compared with full-scale testing.
A novel small-scale test bench has been developed at the University of Leeds which aims to screen friction materials under realistic braking conditions. The foundation of the setup is the Bruker UMT TriboLab tribometer operating in a modified pin-on-disc type configuration. Popular full-scale cycles such as the WLTP based real-world driving cycle have been implemented to replicate current everyday driving scenarios as well as custom cycles that aim to simulate possible future load profiles. A full enclosure around the friction couple has been designed using CFD to allow for controlled airflow and subsequent wear debris capture and analysis. The wear particles generated during braking operation are sampled under isokinetic conditions using the well-known Dekati ELPI+ instrument.
The paper will report on the scaling approach used to design the test bench and the conversion of the WLTP based real-world driving cycle to a non-inertial system. Details of the CFD analysis as well as preliminary test results will also be presented.
EuroBrake 2021
BEML
Downloads
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