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Bruker

Bruker

France

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Bruker is a global leader in design and manufacturing of high-performance measurement and characterization equipment. Our Contour™ and NPFLEX™ 3D optical profilers, based on more than 30 years of Wyko® technology, provide the flexible imaging and measurement capabilities for fast, comprehensive, and extremely accurate characterization of surfaces. Bruker’s modular UMT TriboLab™ mechanical testers are versatile tribology systems for comprehensive investigation of friction, wear, load, hardness, and lubrication. Our metrology and test solutions help engineers and manufacturers better understand how their materials and parts will perform in real-world applications.

Screen Lubricating Materials More Efficiently

Bruker’s High-Frequency Reciprocating Rig (HFRR) Module for the TriboLab enables a versatile and cost-effective way to screen lubricants and materials. Traditionally, the testing of surfaces and lubricants on reciprocating systems, such as engines and linear compressors, has required the use of laboratory-scale tribometers prior to final component tests. Now, with the HFRR Module, samples can be tested at the benchtop scale to rank the performance of lubricants and surfaces under simulated conditions while monitoring small changes in friction. These tests perfectly simulate standard protocols, such as the ASTM D6245-17, allowing researchers and engineers to more easily and economically develop top-performing materials and recipes.

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16 July 2021

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EB2022-EBS-016

Full

Southern Illinois University: Mr. Vishal Reddy Singireddy, Mr. Rohit Jogineedi, Dr. Peter Filip

Detail

As the automotive industry tends towards development of sustainable and environmentally friendly friction material, studies on potentially recycling and re-using friction material have become increasingly important. In this research, two brake pads, made of sustainable recycled friction material (ACI Industries, Ltd.), identical in formulation except the type of rubber (Zeon Chemicals L.P.), were developed in the laboratory. Rubbers are a key component in brake friction material and impact dampening the friction level and stability, wear, vibration, and noise, by contributing to formation of friction layers and influencing mechanical and thermal and corrosion properties of brake pads. These aspects become even more relevant when electric vehicles are considered since they are almost noise-free. The laboratory-developed samples were tested by adopting the scaled-down SAE J2522 brake effectiveness procedure [1, 2, 3] against surface treated commercially available pearlitic gray cast iron rotors (Waupaca Foundry Inc.), [4, 5]. Universal Mechanical Tester (UMT, Tribolab by Bruker) was used to perform the test. Vibrational response was characterized by using a triaxial ICP accelerometer (PCB Electronics, Model = 356A45), sound pressure levels were monitored by a ¼” free-field prepolarized microphone (PCB Electronics, Model = 377C01) and data from them were collected using a high-performance oscilloscope (Agilent Technologies, Model = MSOX2024A) and DAQ (NI USB - 6218). Wear debris and the friction surfaces of tested samples were analyzed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (FEI, Model: Quanta FEG450) and Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX, Oxford Instruments). Mechanical properties, density and porosity were measured using CV Shore D durometer (ASTM D2240) and AWS ALX – 310 precision balance. The developed lightweight samples exhibited extremely low open porosity (

EuroBrake 2022

Advances in friction material formulation

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Performance of environmentally sustainable NAO Cu-free brake pads containing nitrile rubbers and recycled friction material, EB2022-EBS-016, EuroBrake 2022

EB2021-STP-002

Paper + Video + Slides

Detail

Mr. Fabian Limmer, University of Leeds, UNITED KINGDOM

Prof. David Barton, University of Leeds, UNITED KINGDOM

Dr. Carl Gilkeson, University of Leeds, UNITED KINGDOM

Dr. Peter Brooks, University of Leeds, UNITED KINGDOM

Dr. Shahriar Kosarieh, University of Leeds, UNITED KINGDOM


The brake industry is currently on the search for lighter, corrosion-resistant and more eco-friendly brake systems. Apart from health and environmental issues, the main drivers for this development are the changing load profiles arising from the megatrends of electrification and autonomous driving. As the brake disc and brake pad together represent a tribological system, both components must be adjusted in order to achieve optimal functionality.


Testing of brake friction couples, however, is usually a very costly, energy and time-consuming process, that only allows for a very limited range of material concepts to be considered. This is where testing friction materials on a small-scale level has great advantages because much time and money can potentially be saved in sample generation, testing and post-test analysis compared with full-scale testing.


A novel small-scale test bench has been developed at the University of Leeds which aims to screen friction materials under realistic braking conditions. The foundation of the setup is the Bruker UMT TriboLab tribometer operating in a modified pin-on-disc type configuration. Popular full-scale cycles such as the WLTP based real-world driving cycle have been implemented to replicate current everyday driving scenarios as well as custom cycles that aim to simulate possible future load profiles. A full enclosure around the friction couple has been designed using CFD to allow for controlled airflow and subsequent wear debris capture and analysis. The wear particles generated during braking operation are sampled under isokinetic conditions using the well-known Dekati ELPI+ instrument.


The paper will report on the scaling approach used to design the test bench and the conversion of the WLTP based real-world driving cycle to a non-inertial system. Details of the CFD analysis as well as preliminary test results will also be presented.

EuroBrake 2021

BEML

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Development of a Small-scale Test Bench for Investigating the Tribology and Emission Behaviour of Novel Brake Friction Couples, EB2021-STP-002, EuroBrake 2021
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